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Information on classes and concentrations of
chemical contaminants, how they are distributed through out the
site, and in what media they appear is essential to begin the
preselection of treatment technologies. In this document,
contaminants have been separated into eight contaminant groups as
follows:
This section presents a discussion of the properties and
behaviors of the contaminant groups, followed by a discussion of
the most commonly used treatment technologies available for that
contaminant group. (Less commonly used treatment technologies are
identified in the treatment technology screening matrix and may
be found in Section 4.) Each discussion of the contaminant groups
is divided into two media classifications: (1) soil, sediment,
and sludge and (2) ground water, surface water, and leachate.
(The nonhalogenated and halogenated VOC contamination sections
additionally address air emissions and off-gases.)
A matrix summarizing treatment technology information is
presented for each contaminant group. It should be noted
that these technologies are not necessarily effective at treating
all contaminants in the contaminant group. Information
summarized includes the development status (full-scale or
pilot-testing), the use rating (widely/commonly used or limited
use), the applicability rating (better, average, or below
average), the system reliability (better, average, or below
average), the cleanup time (long, average, or short) and the
treatment function (destruction, extraction, or immobilization).
The "use" rating was determined from information
presented in the Treatment Technologies Applications Matrix
for Base Closure Activities (California Base Closure
Environmental Committee, 1994). The applicability rating was
determined from information presented in the second edition of
this document (FRTR, 1994). These rating codes were reviewed in
1997. Please note, a treatment technology may be
applicable to treat a specific contaminant group, but may not be
widely used because of factors such as cost, public acceptance,
or implementability. All information presented in these matrices
has been subjected to rigorous FRTR member review and amended
where appropriate for the purposes of this document.
Subsection 2.1 presents a discussion of
the presumptive remedy process. Subsection 2.2,
Data Requirements, addresses the specific data elements required
to characterize each medium and the impact on technology
selection. Discussion of each of the eight contaminant groups
appears in Subsections 2.3 to 2.10.
Pilot scale describes all techniques not yet developed to
full-scale, including those still in the bench-scale phase of
development.
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