Table 3-2: Treatment Technologies Screening Matrix

Rating Codes - Better; - Average; - Worse; - See definition Y - Yes; N - No. F - Full; P - Pilot. S - Solid; L - Liquid; V - Vapor. NA - Not Applicable I - Inadequate. O&M - Operation & Maintenance; Cap - Capital; B - Both
Soil, Sediment, Bedrock, and Sludge
3.1 In Situ Biological Treatment
Bioventing	F	N	N	N
Enhanced Bioremediation ·· Aerobic ·· Anaerobic	F	N	N	O&M
Phytoremediation ·· Enhanced Rhizosphere Biodegradation ·· Phyto-accumulation ·· Phyto-degradation ·· Phyto-stabilization	F	N	L,S	N
3.2 In Situ Physical/Chemical Treatment
Chemical Oxidation	F	N	N	O&M
Electrokinetic Separation	F	Y	L	O&M
Fracturing (Enhancements) ·· Blast-Enhanced ·· Pneumatic Fracturing	F	Y	N	Cap
Soil Flushing ·· Cosolvents Enhancement	F	N	L	O&M
Soil Vapor Extraction	F	Y	L,V	O&M
Solidification /Stabilization ·· In Situ Vitrification ··Chemical Fixation ··Cement Based Processes	F	N	S	Cap
3.3 In Situ Thermal Treatment
Thermal Treatment ·· Electrical Resistance Heating ·· Radio Frequency/ Electromagnetic Heating ·· Hot Air Injection ·· Steam Injection ·· Conductive Heating	F	Y	L,V	B
3.4 Ex Situ Biological Treatment (assuming excavation)
Biopiles	F	N	V	N
Composting	F	N	N	N
Landfarming	F	N	N	N
Slurry Phase Biological Treatment	F	Y	S,L,V	B
3.5 Ex Situ Physical/Chemical Treatment (assuming excavation)
Chemical Extraction ·· Acid Extraction ·· Solvent Extraction	F	Y	L	B
Chemical Reduction /Oxidation	F	Y	S	Cap.
Dehalogenation ·· Base-Catalyzed Decomposition ·· Glycolate/Alkaline Polyethylene Glycol (A/PEG)	F	Y	V	B
Separation ·· Magnetic Separation ·· Sieving/Physical Separation	F	Y	S	O&M
Soil Washing	F	Y	S L	B
Solidification /Stabilization ·· Bituminization ·· Emulsified Asphalt ·· Modified Sulfur Cement ·· Polyethylene Extrusion ·· Pozzolan/Portland Cement ·· Radioactive Waste Solidification ·· Sludge Stabilization ·· Soluble Phosphates ·· Vitrification/Molten Glass	F	N	S	Cap.
3.6 Ex Situ Thermal Treatment (assuming excavation)
Hot Gas Decontamination	P	N	N	B
Incineration ·· Circulating Bed Combustor ·· Fluidized Bed ·· Infrared Combustion ·· Rotary Kiln	F	N	L S V	B
Open Burn/Open Detonation	F	N	S	B
Pyrolysis ·· Fluidized Bed ·· Molten Salt Destruction ·· Rotary Kiln	F	N	L S V	B
Thermal Desorption ·· High Temperature ·· Low Temperature	F	N	L S	B
3.7 Containment
Landfill Cap ·· Asphalt/Concrete Cap ·· RCRA Subtitle C Cap ·· RCRA Subtitle D Cap	F	N	L V	Cap
Landfill Cap Alternatives ·· Water Harvesting ·· Vegetative Cover ·· Evapotranspiration Cap	F	N	L V	Cap.
3.8 Other Treatment
Excavation, Retrieval, and Off-Site Disposal	F	N	NA	N
Ground Water, Surface Water, and Leachate
3.9 In Situ Biological Treatment
Enhanced Biodegradation ·· Nitrate Enhancement ·· Oxygen Enhancement with Air Sparging ·· Oxygen Enhancement with Hydrogen Peroxide ·· Co-Metabolic Treatment	F	N	N	O&M
Natural Attenuation	F	N	N	O&M
Phytoremediation ·· Enhanced Rhizosphere Biodegradation ·· Hydraulic Control ·· Phyto-Degradation ·· Phyto-Volatilization ·· Phyto-accumulation, ·· Phyto-stabilization ·· Aeration	F	N	L S	N
3.10 In Situ Physical/Chemical Treatment
Air Sparging	F	N	V	N
Bioslurping	F	Y	L V	N
Chemical Oxidation	F	N	N	O&M
Directional Wells (enhancement)	F	N	N	Cap.
Dual Phase Extraction ·· Dual Phase Extraction ·· Fluid/Vapor Extraction	F	Y	L V	B
Thermal Treatment ·· Hot Water or Steam Flushing/Stripping ·· Steam Injection ·· Electrical Heating	F	Y	L V	B
Hydrofracturing Enhancements	F	Y	N	N
In-Well Air Stripping ·· Circulating Wells	F	Y	L V	Cap.
Passive /Reactive Treatment Walls ·· Funnel and Gate ·· Iron Treatment Wall	F	N	S	Cap.
3.11 Ex Situ Biological Treatment
Bioreactors	F	N	S	Cap.
Constructed Wetlands	F	N	S	Cap.
3.12 Ex Situ Physical/Chemical Treatment (assuming pumping)
Adsorption/ Absorption ·· Activated Alumina ·· Forager Sponge ·· Lignin Adsorption/ Sorptive Clays ·· Synthetic Resins	F	N	S	O&M
Advanced Oxidation Processes ·· UV Photolysis ·· UV Oxidation	F	Y	V	B
Air Stripping	F	Y	V	O&M
Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC)/Liquid Phase Carbon Adsorption	F	Y	S	O&M
Ground Water Pumping ·· Surfactant Enhanced Recovery ·· Drawdown Pumping	F	Y	L	B
Ion Exchange	F	Y	S	B
Precipitation/ Coagulation /Flocculation ·· Coagulants and Flocculation	F	Y	S	Cap.
Separation ·· Distillation ·· Filtration/ Ultrafiltration /Microfiltration ·· Freeze Crystallization ·· Membrane Pervaporation ·· Reverse Osmosis	F	Y	S	B
Sprinkler Irrigation ·· Trickling Filter	F	N	N	N
3.13 Containment
Physical Barriers ·· Slurry Walls ·· Biobarrier ·· Sheet Piling	F	N	N	Cap.
Deep Well Injection	F	N	S L	N			NA
3.14 Air Emissions/Off-Gas Treatment
Biofiltration	F	NA	S L	N											NA
High Energy Destruction ·· High Energy Corona ·· Tunable Hybrid Plasma Reactor	P	NA	N	I			NA								NA
Membrane Separation	P	NA	N	I			NA								NA
Oxidation ·· Catalytic Oxidation ·· Internal Combustion Engine Oxidation ·· Thermal Oxidation ·· Ultraviolet Oxidation	F	NA	N	N			NA								NA
Scrubbers ·· Water or Caustic Scrubbers	F	NA	Y	Cap.			NA								NA	NA
Vapor Phase Carbon Adsorption ·· VOC Recovery and Recycle	F	NA	S	N			NA								NA