In-Situ Treatment Technology Optimization
| The content on this page is currently minimally managed and may be outdated.. |
This section provides information on specific in-situ (applied in place, within the ground) remedial technologies:
Soil Vapor Extraction, Air Sparging, and Bioventing
EPA Soil Vapor Extraction Enhancement Technology Resource Guide – This Guide provides abstracts of over 90 SVE enhancement technology guidance documents, overview/program documents, studies and demonstrations, and other resource guides.
EPA 542-B-95-003, October 1995
Download (146K/40pp/PDF)Analysis of Selected Enhancements for Soil Vapor Extraction – This report provides an engineering analysis of, and status report on, selected enhancements for soil vapor extraction (SVE) treatment technologies.
EPA 542-R-97-007, 1997
Download (3.6MB/246pp/PDF)Bioventing Principals and Practice Manual, Volume I and Volume II – This document is culmination of the experience gained from these sites and provides specific guidelines on the principles and practices of bioventing.
EPA 540-R-95-534a, September 1995
Download Vol. I (2.1MB/88pp/PDF)
Download Vol. II (1.4MB/89pp/PDF)AFCEE Bioventing Performance and Cost Results from Multiple Air Force Test Site – This Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis (EE/CA) document supports bioventing as the preferred alternative for non-time-critical removal action to remediate fuel-hydrocarbon contamination in soils at Air Force installations nationwide. June 1996
Download (1.4MB/26pp/PDF)Modeling and Optimization of In Situ Remediation; Effects of Spatial Variability on Predicting the Duration of Soil Flushing – The goal of this project is to investigate the applicability of simplified and mechanistic models used during soil remediation. The mechanistic model being used by the project is the ECOSTAT model, a chemical equilibrium model that is being modified for bioventing. Han de Wit, TAUW Milieu BV, The Netherlands
Innovation Technology Summary Report: In Situ Air Stripping Using Horizontal Wells – This report demonstrates an innovative system that combines two somewhat innovative technologies, air sparging and horizontal wells, with a baseline technology, soil vapor extraction, to produce a more efficient in situ remediation system. DOE, April 1995
Bioventing Design Tool – From the AFCEE Technology Transfer page on Bioventing, you can download the executable file for the Bioventing Design Tool which includes a Bioventing database and Help files.
Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide, Version 4.0 – The treatment technology descriptions on soil vapor extraction include applicability, limitations, data needs, performance data, cost and references. FRTR, January 2002.
Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide, Version 4.0 – The treatment technology descriptions on bioventing include applicability, limitations, data needs, performance data, cost and references. FRTR, January 2002.
Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide, Version 4.0 – The treatment technology descriptions on air sparging include applicability, limitations, data needs, performance data, cost and references. FRTR, January 2002.
Development of Recommendations and Methods to Support Assessment of Soil Venting Performance and Closure – The purpose of this document was to improve the current "state of the art" and "state of the science" of soil venting application. This was accomplished by developing a regulatory approach to assess closure including measures to ensure consistency in ground-water and vadose zone remediation, providing comprehensive and detailed literature reviews on gas flow and vapor transport and finally researching to improve various aspects of venting application.
EPA/600/R-01/070 September 2001
Download (4.88MB/435pp/PDF)Engineering Design – In Situ Air Sparging – The primary purpose of this Engineer Manual (EM) is to provide practical guidance for evaluation of the feasibility of in-situ air sparging (IAS) for remediation of contaminated groundwater and soil. USACE, September 1997
Engineering Design – Soil Vapor Extraction and Bioventing – Provides practical guidance for the design and operation of soil vapor extraction (SVE) and bioventing (BV) systems. The manual describes current best practices for SVE and BV site characterization, system design, and system start-up and operations.
USACE, June 2002
AFCEE, Light, Non-Aqueous-Phase Liquid Weathering at Various Fuel Release Sites – An alternative approach to attempted free product removal is natural weathering. A recent study of jet-fuel weathering determined that benzene was naturally removed from free product and followed a first-order decay rate. September 1999
In Situ Remediation Technology Status Report: Surfactant Enhancements – It describes field demonstrations or full-scale applications of in situ abiotic technologies for nonaqueous phase liquids and ground water treatment.
EPA 542-K-94-003, 1994
Download (61K/36pp/PDF)In Situ Remediation Technology Status Report: Treatment Walls – It describes field demonstrations or full-scale applications of in situ abiotic technologies for nonaqueous phase liquids and ground water treatment.
EPA 542-K-94-004, 1994
Download (71K/31pp/PDF)In Situ Remediation Technology Status Report: Hydrofracturing/Pneumatic Fracturing – It describes field demonstrations or full-scale applications of in situ abiotic technologies for nonaqueous phase liquids and ground water treatment.
EPA 542-K-94-005, 1994
Download (45KB/23pp/PDF)In Situ Remediation Technology Status Report: Cosolvents – It describes field demonstrations or full-scale applications of in situ abiotic technologies for nonaqueous phase liquids and ground water treatment.
EPA 542-K-94-006, 1994
Download (21KB/12pp/PDF)In Situ Remediation Technology Status Report: Electrokinetics – It describes field demonstrations or full-scale applications of in situ abiotic technologies for nonaqueous phase liquids and ground water treatment.
EPA 542-K-94-007, 1994
Download (47KB/26pp/PDF)In Situ Remediation Technology Status Report: Thermal Enhancements – It describes field demonstrations or full-scale applications of in situ abiotic technologies for nonaqueous phase liquids and ground water treatment.
EPA 542-K-94-009, 1994
Download (58KB/29pp/PDF)
Field Applications of In Situ Remediation Technologies: Permeable Reactive Barriers – This report is intended to provide site owners and managers with a central source of information about the use of PRBs. Included in this report are 30+ profiles of ongoing and completed pilot- and full-scale PRB demonstrations as well as full-scale installations.
EPA 542-R-99-002, April 1999
Download (226KB/122pp/PDF)Permeable Reactive Subsurface Barriers for the Interception and Remediation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon and Chromium (VI) Plumes in Ground Water – Prepared by EPA's ORD, the document discusses the use of barrier walls employing zero-valent iron as the reactive substrate for treating groundwater contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons or chromium.
EPA 600-F-97-008, July 1997
Download (53KB/4pp/PDF)NATO/CCMS Pilot Study on Evaluation of Demonstrated and Emerging Technologies for the Treatment of Contaminated Land and Groundwater (Phase III) 1998 Special Session: Treatment Walls and Permeable Reactive Barriers – This volume contains the proceedings of a special session on the construction, reactive materials, and international case studies held February 22-23, 1998.
EPA 542-R-98-003, July 1997
Download (2.6MB/114pp/PDF)Design Guidance for Application of Permeable Barriers for Groundwater Remediation – provide site managers with a guidance document for designing, constructing, and monitoring a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for remediation of dissolved groundwater contaminants.US AFRL, March 2000
Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide, Version 4.0 – The treatment technology descriptions include applicability, limitations, data needs, performance data, cost and references. FRTR, January 2002.
In Situ Remediation Technology Status Report: Treatment Walls – The purpose of this document is to describe demonstrations, field applications, and research on treatment walls for remediating contaminated groundwater at waste disposal and spill sites.
EPA 542-K-94-004, April 1995
Download (416KB/32pp/PDF)
Technical Protocol for Evaluating Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents in Ground Water – This document identifies parameters that are useful in the evaluation of natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents, and provides recommendations to analyze and interpret the data collected from the site characterization process.
EPA 600-R-98-128, September 1998
Download (2.5MB/PDF)Technical Protocol for Implement Intrinsic Remediation (Natural Attenuation) with Long-Term Monitoring Option for Dissolved-Phase Fuel Contamination for Groundwater – These documents present a technical protocol for data collection and analysis in support of intrinsic remediation with long-term monitoring (LTM) for restoration of groundwater contaminated with hydrocarbons. AFCEE, 1995
Download (317KB/PDF)Technical Guidance for the Long-Term Monitoring of Natural Attenuation Remedies at DOE Sites – This guide was developed to provide DOE Remedial Project Managers (RPMs) with technical direction on the role of monitoring for effective implementation of a natural attenuation remedy, the key considerations for designing a natural attenuation monitoring network, and statistical approaches for interpreting monitoring data and refining conceptual site models. US DOE, Office of Environmental Restoration, October 8 1999
Decision-Making Framework Guide for the Evaluation and Selection of Monitored Natural Attenuation Remedies at Department of Energy Sites – The purpose of this guide is to provide Department of Energy (DOE) Remedial Project Managers with a decision-making framework for evaluating the efficacy of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) as a remedial alternative within the bounds established by applicable regulations and the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) recent MNA policy directive. US DOE, Office of Environmental Restoration, May 13, 1999
EPA Guidance on Long-Term Monitoring for Remedies Using Monitored Natural Attenuation – EPA is currently developing a guidance for designing an LTM program for natural attenuation remedies. The scope of the guidance is limited to chlorinated solvents and BTEX in groundwater
Biochlor Natural Attenuation Model and Database for Chlorinated Solvent Sites – BIOCHLOR is an easy-to-use screening tool for simulating natural ttenuation of dissolved chlorinated solvents. Developed for the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence, Brooks AFB, Texas by Groundwater Services, Inc., Houston, Texas
Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide, Version 4.0 – The treatment technology descriptions include applicability, limitations, data needs, performance data, cost and references. FRTR, January 2002.
AFCEE Technology Transfer – Monitored Natural Attenuation – From the AFCEE Technology Transfer page on monitored natural attenuation you can download several protocols, test plans and evaluations of MNA.
Bioscreen Natural Attenuation Decision Support System – BIOSCREEN is an easy-to-use screening tool for simulating natural attenuation of dissolved hydrocarbons at petroleum fuel release sites. Developed for the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence, Brooks AFB, Texas by Groundwater Services, Inc., Houston, Texas
Bioremediation / Phytoremediation
Bioremediation Resource Guide – This Guide identifies information resources intended to aid users in remedial decisions. It includes abstracts of field reports and guidance documents.
EPA 542-B-93-004, September 1993
Download (93KB/55pp/PDF)Draft Protocol for Controlling Contaminated Groundwater by Phytostabilization – This draft protocol is focused on phytostabilization. It is further restricted to the use of plants to remove groundwater at a rate sufficient to stabilize movement of near-surface groundwater. The document contains six sections that include the definitions, a discussion of the technology required for planning and implementation, preliminary site screening, system design and plant establishment, operation and maintenance of the system, documentation, verification of performance and project completion. It also contains extensive references and appendices. AFCEE November, 1999.
Download (1.1MB/122pp/PDF)Phytoremediation Resource Guide – This Guide provides abstracts of over 100 phytoremediation overviews, field studies and demonstrations, research articles, and Internet resources. EPA 52-B-99-003, June 1999
Download (425KB/56pp/PDF)Phytoremediation: A Natural Process For Groundwater Cleanup – Gravel-bed constructed wetlands have proven to be successful at degrading TNT, RDX, HMX, and other explosives residues in groundwater, according to results from a phytoremediation demonstration conducted at the Milan Army Ammunition Plant in Milan, Tennessee. USAEC
Phytoremediation of Lead-Contaminated Soil – The U.S. Army Environmental Center is leading a demonstration in the remediation of lead contaminated soil using the technique of phytoextraction.
Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide, Version 4.0 – The treatment technology descriptions on bioremediation include applicability, limitations, data needs, performance data, cost and references. FRTR, January 2002.
Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide, Version 4.0 – The treatment technology descriptions on phytoremediation include applicability, limitations, data needs, performance data, cost and references. FRTR, January 2002.
Optimization of Treatment Technologies for Detoxification of PCB Contaminated Soils ongoing – This EPA grant project describes research to develop a procedure for remediation of soils contaminated with halogenated hydrocarbons. Expected completion date in August 2004.
Engineered Approaches to In Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents: Fundamental and Field Applications – This report provides an overview of the fundamentals and field applications of in situ bioremediation to remediate chlorinated solvents in contaminated soil and groundwater. EPA-542-R-00-008, July 2000
Download (2.5MB/144pp/PDF)Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvent Contaminated Groundwater – This report presents information about bioremediaton technologies and cost and performance for nine pilot- and full-scale applications. EPA-TIO, August 1998
Download (1.18MB/38pp/PDF)Phytoremediation of TCE in Groundwater Using Populus – This report is intended to provide a basic orientation and current status of phytoremediaton for shallow groundwater, and then focus on the use of poplar trees (Populus sp.) to degrade trichlorethylene (TCE) in groundwater. EPA-TIO, February 1998
Download (958KB/59pp/PDF)Phytotechnology Technical and Regulatory Guidance Document – Identifies key regulatory and technical issues relevant to the implementation of phytoremediation. IRTC, April 2001
Download (1.69MB/124pp/PDF)The Bioremdiation and Phytoremediation of Pesticide-Contaminated Sites – This report provides a basic summary and current status of bioremediation and phytoremediation technologies for the treatment of pesticide-contaminated media. EPA, August 2000
Download (205KB/55pp/PDF)
Field Applications of In Situ Remediation Technologies: Chemical Oxidation – The purpose of this document is to describe completed and ongoing pilot demonstrations and full-scale applications of in situ chemical oxidation technologies for the remediation of soil and ground water at waste disposal and spill sites.
EPA 542-R-98-008, September 1998
Download (137KB/37pp/PDF)Direct Chemical Oxidation (DCO) for the Destruction of Organics in Hazardous and Mixed Wastes – This document describes the DCO technology used in destruction of organic materials. DOE-LLNL,
UCRL-JC-128764, February 1998Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide, Version 4.0 – The treatment technology descriptions include applicability, limitations, data needs, performance data, cost and references. FRTR, January 2002.
Field Applications of In Situ Remediation Technologies: Ground-Water Circulation Wells – This report is one in a series that document recent pilot demonstrations and full-scale applications that either treat soil and ground water in situ or increase the solubility and mobility of contaminants to improve their removal by other remediation technologies.
EPA/542-R-98-009, October 1998
Download (114KB/41pp/PDF)
Issue Paper: How Heat Can Enhance In Situ Soil and Aquifer Remediation – This issue paper, developed by the Office of Research and Development, contains in-depth information on the properties of some common organic contaminants that affect their movement in and recovery from the subsurface as well as information on how these properties are affected by temperature.
EPA 540-S-97-502, April 1997
Download (93KB/18pp/PDF)They All Like it Hot: Faster Cleanup of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater – This document describes field demonstration of dynamic underground stripping developed by LLNL at a four-acre site in Visalia, California. DOE-LLNL, May 1998
Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide, Version 4.0 – The treatment technology descriptions include applicability, limitations, data needs, performance data, cost and references. FRTR, January 2002.
Ground Water Issue: Steam Injection for Soil and Aquifer Remediation – This paper contains more detailed information on how steam injection can be used to recover organic contaminants from the subsurface, the contaminant and subsurface conditions for which the process may be appropriate, and general design and equipment considerations.
EPA/540/S-97/505 January 1998
Download (647KB/16pp/PDF)Dynamic Underground Stripping (DUS) Project: Summary of Gasoline Spill Demonstration at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory – This report is a compendium of the final reports for each component of the Dynamic Underground Stripping demonstration at the gasoline spill site at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). U.S. DOE Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)
Engineering Forum Issue Paper: Thermal Desorption Implementation Issues – This issue paper identifies issues and summarizes experiences with thermal desorption as a remedy for VOCs in soils.
EPA 540-F-95-030, January 1997
Download (102KB/8pp/PDF)
Recent Developments for In Situ Treatment of Metal Contaminated Soils – This report assists the remedy selection process by providing information on four in situ technologies for treating soil contaminated with metals. The four approaches are electrokinetic remediation, phytoremediation, soil flushing, and solidification/stabilization.
EPA/542-R-97-004, October 1998
Download (521KB/64pp/PDF)In Situ Electrokinetic Remediation for Metal Contaminated Soils – Electrokinetics has been identified as a possible method of performing an in situ extraction of the metal contaminants from soils. An electrokinetics demonstration project is being performed at Naval Air Weapons Stallion (NAWS) Point Mugu, California. USAEC